MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES

MATERIALS

    The main material we use in construction is soft and hard wood.  We mostly use the construction pine (GOST 8486-86) from the hardwood, and oak (GOST 2695-83) from the hard wood.
    Wood has a lot of advantages if regarded as a construction material, i.e. minor weight, relatively high durability, easy treating with simple tools, good properties for making tight and easy connections with screws, bolts and other fasteners or by means of gluing, as well as good acid and salt resistance properties.
Besides, the wood is good to be colored or enameled and it looks nice after certain finishing. Wood is an ecologically safe material, that also is especially valuable nowadays.
Those disadvantages the wood has are easy to correct nowadays.  Non uniform surface, that causes different solidity of the wood, can be eliminated if using laminated structures, and wood durability may be increased by modern methods, such as impregnation liquids and enamels.
    Even when traditional methods of wood protection are used, our boats normally last for 50 years and longer if care is taken the proper way.
We normally use brass screws, copper nails and washers, as well as galvanized bolts and screws to fasten the parts.
    To attach the longitudinal and transversal frames, sparring and other parts to each other we use waterproof glue VIAM-B3 or specially composed compounds.
To impregnate and prime the wooden parts before applying enamels and varnishes we normally use various antiseptics and drying oils.
Red lead can also be used for the same purposes. For final finishing we use Russian or foreign manufactures enamels and varnishes, that are oil, alkyd or polyurethane based.
    To cover metal surfaces we use special purpose epoxy primes and enamels. To fill the slots in the outside planking we normally use polyurethane joint sealants and special purpose putties.
    For manufacturing of tanks, foundations, propeller shafts and other parts we use construction steel, including alloyed and corrosion proof steel.
Sails are made of domestic or foreign synthetic fabrics. For manufacturing of standing and running rigging we use natural and synthetic ropes, as well as galvanized or stainless metal ropes.

STRUCTURES

   The range of boats we produce in our company is quite wide as well as the structure design range we apply.
Depending on a purpose of use and a region the boat is supposed to be used in, as well as on boat body line, we can apply different structure frames. For motor and motor sail boats, that have rounded lines, we use longitudinal and transversal frames. Sharp lined boats are made on trimmed ribs and laminated longitudinal frame. For some boats we use futtock frames. Minor boats (typical boats and ship boats) are constructed on bent ribs.
   The outside planking is normally made in one layer and consists of longitudinal belts with further joint sealing, or it can be finished with wooden strips fastened with waterproof glue. On some boats we apply a clinker planking method.
   The deck flooring can consist of one layer made of separate boards or of two layers enforced with plywood of wooden strips.
The frames, outside planking and deck flooring are fastened with brass or galvanized screws, galvanized bolts and copper latches (studs).
If necessary we use metal parts in boat body structures, such as breast hooks, floors, various binding. All of them have safe covering and are made of stainless covering.
Each boat is equipped with devices and systems, required for its normal operation. The systems can consist of ready made standard components (pumps, windlass, steering engines), Russian or foreign manufactured, as well as of components manufactured in the dockyard to original historical schematics.
   The latter one mostly concerns the copies of historical boats, where wooden windlass, admiralty anchor with wooden stock or ancient looking pumps are required to complete the typical historical style of the sail boat.
   All the boats except the smallest ones are equipped with a mechanical unit, that comprises of the main propulsion engine, a multirotor-bearing system and a propeller screw. We normally use ship engines as main propulsion engines of various capacity, Russian or foreign manufactured. The engines are mounted on a metal foundation floor in a separated engine room or under a case, if the boat has minor dimensions. The engines are normally installed on shock-absorbers. A multirotor-bearing system comprises of a propeller screw flexible stuffing-box and a rubber metal muffle. The propeller screws are normally made of steel or bronze, with a fixed pitch.
All the boats have electrical equipment onboard, that is necessary to provide lighting and power supply for various devices and units. Voltage available onboard is 12V. Additional power supply can be arranged from the land. Power supply sources available are diesel generators, mounted generators and accumulators. All switch and control devices are located on the same switch board, that is normally mounted close to the pilot place or in the deck house.
   Interior and inner design may be modified at Customer's request on standard model boats. Boat furniture and finishing are made of softwood or valuable hardwood, additionally enhanced with colored and galvanized metal accessories.

   We use different types of sailing accessories on our boats, such as straight, lug sail, gaff, Bermudan ones. Sparring is normally made wooden and laminated with metal binding. For the standing rigging we normally use a metal galvanized rope, but a stainless rope can also be used, as well as “Hercules” type rope, that has a steel core. The latter one showed its excellent properties when used on boat copies.
   For the running rigging we use natural and kapron ropes. Hull attachments of the rigging are partially standard, partially made to original schematics. For example instead of steal turn-buckles we can use lanyards with dead-eyes made of oak.
   Decoration carving makes the boats look special. The carving can be used either only on the name shield or on the prow wooden sculpture, sideboards and a stern, as well as in other boat interior accessories. Anyway disrespectful of amount of carving used, it will make Your boat look outstanding and charming.
   All the structures are designed in accordance with the Marine Register of the USSR, Lloyd's Register of Shipping and DNV (Det Nordsky Veritas). We use a lot of literature when developing boat copy designs.